8+Science+1+Megan's+MSW+Project

__Cafeteria Cups in Landfills __

Renni, Annie, Kate and I did our Municipal Solid Waste project on how we can reduce the amount of waste the cafeteria cups produce. We are first seeing how many cups are used on any given day then we will find how much space each cup uses in a landfill by multiplying the volume by the amount of cups we will get the volume of space used by these cups. Renni, Annie, Kate and I will then find a solution to the problem by using biodegradable cups. If we switch from petroleum based cups to biodegradable or compostable cups then CCDS will take up less space in landfills because the cups will have an easier time biodegrading staying in landfills for less time.
 * Introduction: **

paper to take notes on Wikispaces Hand counters (2) Voicethread
 * Materials:**

IV: kind of cups DV: Amount of waste from cups coming out of CCDS CG: Waste from original cups DG: Waste from biodegradable cups


 * Safety Concerns and Guidelines: **
 * #1- ** Conduct yourself in a responsible manner at all times in the laboratory.
 * #2- ** Follow all written and verbal instructions carefully. If you do not understand a direction or part of a procedure, ask the instructor before proceeding.
 * #3- ** Never work alone. No student may work in the laboratory without an instructor present.
 * #4- ** When first entering a science room, do not touch any equipment, chemicals, or other materials in the laboratory area until you are instructed to do so.
 * #5- ** Do not eat food, drink beverages, or chew gum in the laboratory. Do not use laboratory glassware as containers for food or beverages.
 * #6- ** Perform only those experiments authorized by the instructor. Never do anything in the laboratory that is not called for in the laboratory procedures or by your instructor. Carefully follow all instructions, both written and oral. Unauthorized experiments are prohibited.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">#7- **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Be prepared for your work in the laboratory. Read all procedures thoroughly before entering the laboratory. Never fool around in the laboratory. Horseplay, practical jokes, and pranks are dangerous and prohibited.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">#8- **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Observe good housekeeping practices. Work areas should be kept clean and tidy at all times. Bring only your laboratory instructions, worksheets, and/or reports to the work area. Place your binder in the desk cubby. Book bags are to remain outside of the classroom.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">#9- **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Keep aisles clear.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">#10- **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Know the locations and operating procedures of all safety equipment including the first aid kit, eyewash station, fire extinguisher, and fire blanket. Know where the fire alarm and the exits are located.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">#12- **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Be alert and proceed with caution at all times in the laboratory. Notify the instructor immediately of any unsafe conditions you observe.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">#14- **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Labels and equipment instructions must be read carefully before use. Set up and use the prescribed apparatus as directed in the laboratory instructions or by your instructor.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">#18- **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Know what to do if there is a fire drill during a laboratory period; containers must be closed, gas valves turned off, and any electrical equipment turned off.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1. Collect materials and passes for the appropriate study halls. 2. Annie and Megan count cups fourth period on Wednesday 3. Kate and Renni count cups during Advisory Snack on Wednesday 4. Annie and Kate count cups 5/6th grade lunch on Wednesday 5. Renni and Megan count cups 7/8th grade lunch on Wednesday 6. Renni and Megan count cups during fourth period on Thursday 7. Renni and Megan count cups 5/6th grade on Thursday 8. Annie and Kate count cups 7/8th grade on Thursday 9. Kate and Annie count cups 5/6th grade on Wednesday 10. Renni and Megan count cups 7/8th grade on Wednesday 11. Compare data; find average of both days 12. Compare cost of cups, Current/Biodegradable 13. Find month and year cup data (how much, how many). 14. Find the volume of the cups 15. Make data table and graph the results from our experiment
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Procedure: **

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Wednesday <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Thursday <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Wednesday <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Advisory snack <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;"> 54 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">48 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">22 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4th period <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;"> 4 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">11 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">3 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">5th/6th lunch <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;"> 142 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">189 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">135 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">7th/8th lunch <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;"> 91 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">68 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">96 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Av. Per week <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Av. Per year <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Volume <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Advisory snack <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;"> N/A || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">1322 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">17,186 mL || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4th period <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;"> 30 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">1080 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">14,040 mL || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">5th/6th lunch <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;"> 776 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">27936 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">363,168 mL || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">7th/8th lunch <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;"> 425 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">15300 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">198,900 mL || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">A trend in our data was that the fifth and sixth graders got more cups than any other period. Another trend is the fourth period and advisory snack were always low, this may be because both periods do not have many people buying thing, and also in fourth period only teachers are allowed to get lunch and some teachers bring their own reusable cups (a good way to reduce waste!).
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Data Table: **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Analysis: **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;">

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Our data supports our hypothesis (If we switch from petroleum based cups to biodegradable or compostable cups then CCDS will take up less space in landfills because the cups will have an easier time biodegrading staying in landfills for less time.) because we concluded that we currently take up 593,294mL of space in a landfill and if we switched to non petroleum based cups it would be significantly less.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Conclusion: **